In photovoltaic tracking systems (heliostats), the surface of the module tracks the sun throughout the day. TheTracking can be along either one or two axes whereby tracking along two axes provides a higher power output. Compared to south-facing stationary systems, such a tracking system can increase the year’s total output by up to 30 % at 45° latitude. By setting tracking systems atop a mast one has the option of choosing the optimal site. No longer constricted to the disadvantages that come with surrounding Buildings, these systems have a 180° slewing range free of obstruction (i.e. shadows)
Major components in a Tracking system -
- Motors
- Sun sensors for the amount of light
- Sun sensors for the shadows
- Inclinometers for angles
- Anemometer for wind speed
- Sensors
- Sun sensors for the amount of light
- Sun sensors for the shadows
- Inclinometers for angles
- Anemometer for wind speed
- Timer Method
- Place the array south east and let the pv moves according to the expected route
- This method is inexpensive and misses a lot of light, inaccurate, lower energy output
- Sun Sensor only
- Array continually search for strongest light
- This is inexpensive logic but uses energy to search the light.
- Closed loop manual entry
- Input Logic and Lattitude
- High level of precision, clouds and shadows effect light inout
- More Energy efficiency
- Maximum Utilization of power
- Maintenance
- Initial cost
- Reliability - Chances of failure of mechanical system
- Pumping system
